The new database cluster configuration directory environment variable PGDATANEW -j njobs The old database cluster configuration directory environment variable PGDATAOLD -D configdir The new PostgreSQL executable directory default is the directory where pg_upgrade resides environment variable PGBINNEW -cĬheck clusters only, don't change any data -d configdir The old PostgreSQL executable directory environment variable PGBINOLD -B bindir Pg_upgrade supports upgrades from 8.4.X and later to the current major release of PostgreSQL, including snapshot and beta releases. It is important that any external modules are also binary compatible, though this cannot be checked by pg_upgrade.
Pg_upgrade does its best to make sure the old and new clusters are binary-compatible, e.g., by checking for compatible compile-time settings, including 32/64-bit binaries. (The community will attempt to avoid such situations.) If a future major release ever changes the data storage format in a way that makes the old data format unreadable, pg_upgrade will not be usable for such upgrades. pg_upgrade uses this fact to perform rapid upgrades by creating new system tables and simply reusing the old user data files. Major PostgreSQL releases regularly add new features that often change the layout of the system tables, but the internal data storage format rarely changes. It is not required for minor version upgrades, e.g., from 9.6.2 to 9.6.3 or from 10.1 to 10.2. Pg_upgrade (formerly called pg_migrator) allows data stored in PostgreSQL data files to be upgraded to a later PostgreSQL major version without the data dump/reload typically required for major version upgrades, e.g., from 9.5.8 to 9.6.4 or from 10.7 to 11.2.
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